split out architecture document
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```sh
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nix-shell
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pandoc fediversity.md -o fediversity.html
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pandoc architecture.md -o architecture.html
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pandoc architecture.html -o architecture.pdf
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pandoc --filter pandoc-include fediversity.md -o fediversity.html
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pandoc fediversity.html -o fediversity.pdf
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```
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236
architecture.md
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architecture.md
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<style>* {font-family: sans-serif;}</style>
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## Actors
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- Developers
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The group working on this repository.
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We are creating the deployment workflows and service configurations.
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|
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- Hosting provider
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They provide and maintain the physical infrastructure, and run the software in this repository, through which operators interact with their deployments.
|
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Hosting providers are technical administrators for these deployments, ensuring availability and appropriate performance.
|
||||
|
||||
We target small- to medium-scale hosting providers with 20+ physical machines.
|
||||
|
||||
- Operator
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They select the applications they want to run.
|
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They don't need to own hardware or deal with operations.
|
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Operators administer their applications in a non-technical fashion, e.g. as moderators.
|
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They pay the hosting provider for registering a domain name, maintaining physical resources, and monitoring deployments.
|
||||
|
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- User
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They are individuals using applications run by the operators, and e.g. post content.
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## Glossary
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- [Fediverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse)
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A collection of social networking applications that can communicate with each other using a common protocol.
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- Application
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User-facing software (e.g. from Fediverse) run by the hosting provider for an operator.
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|
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- Configuration
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||||
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A collection of settings for a machine running NixOS.
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||||
|
||||
> Example: Configurations are deployed to VMs.
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||||
- Provision
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||||
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||||
Make a resource, such as a virtual machine, available for use.
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||||
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||||
- Deploy
|
||||
|
||||
Put software, such as applications, onto computers.
|
||||
The software includes technical configuration that links software components.
|
||||
In our context, this a Configuration deployed to a runtime environment.
|
||||
Most user-facing configuration remains untouched by the deployment process.
|
||||
|
||||
- Migrate
|
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|
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Move service configurations and deployment (including user data) from one hosting provider to another.
|
||||
|
||||
- Resource
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|
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A [resource for NixOps4](https://nixops.dev/manual/development/concept/resource.html) is any external entity that can be declared with NixOps4 expressions and manipulated with NixOps4, such as a virtual machine, an active NixOS configuration, a DNS entry, or customer database.
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- Resource provider
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A resource provider for NixOps4 is an executable that communicates between a resource and NixOps4 using a standardised protocol, allowing [CRUD operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Create,_read,_update_and_delete) on the resources to be performed by NixOps4.
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Refer to the [NixOps4 manual](https://nixops.dev/manual/development/resource-provider/index.html) for details.
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> Example: We need a resource provider for obtaining deployment secrets from a database.
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- Runtime backend
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A type of digital environment one can run operating systems such as NixOS on, e.g. bare-metal, a hypervisor, or a container runtime.
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- Runtime environment
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The thing a deployment runs on, an interface against which the deployment is working. See runtime backend.
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- Runtime config
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Configuration logic specific to a runtime backend, e.g. how to deploy, how to access object storage.
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## Architecture
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At the core of Fediversity lies a NixOS configuration template containing selected applications.
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We use this to deploy to selected run-time environments, so far targeting hypervisor ProxmoX.
|
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We further provide a reference front-end to configure our template.
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To ensure reproducibility, we also offer Nix packaging for our software.
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To reach our goals, we aim to implement the following interactions between [actors](#actors) (depicted with rounded corners) and system components (see the [glossary](#glossary), depicted with rectangles).
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### Entity relationships
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Relationships among the entities used to model migrations are as follows, using the crow's foot notation to denote cardinality:
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### Data model
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### Host architecture
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Whereas the core abstraction in Fediversity is a NixOS configuration template, a more full-fledged example architecture of the web host use-case we aim to support as part of our exploitation would be as follows, where VMs in question run Fediversity to offer our selected applications:
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## Break-down of project milestones
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Whereas details of the implementation may need to be decided as the technical challenges involved become clear, we can already give a higher-level planning of relevant milestones and some of their salient features:
|
||||
|
||||
- Initial internal user to kick-start feedback process:
|
||||
- automate provisioning of:
|
||||
- [databases](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/115)
|
||||
- [object storage](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/185)
|
||||
- [virtual machines](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/116) (and related resources)
|
||||
- [DNS](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/110)
|
||||
- [SMTP service](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/117)
|
||||
- [email accounts](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/118)
|
||||
- [ephemeral state](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/314)
|
||||
- [publish specification](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/334) using e.g. JSON Schema / OpenAPI
|
||||
- [facilitate multi-tenancy](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/241)
|
||||
- [provision admin accounts](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/178)
|
||||
- [ensure users can update their configurations](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/158)
|
||||
- Software ready for web hosts to take into production:
|
||||
- [garbage collection of unallocated resources](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/188)
|
||||
- [Nix-less bootstrap](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/332)
|
||||
- [ensure hosts may update users' deployments](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/159)
|
||||
- [allow control over version of module deployed](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/304)
|
||||
- [security audit](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/291)
|
||||
- [automate dependency updates](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/65)
|
||||
- Features to improve user experience and increase host adoption:
|
||||
- [enqueue deployment syncs](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/242)
|
||||
- [application data back-ups](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/123)
|
||||
- [migrating application data between hosting providers](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/100)
|
||||
- [provide single sign-on](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/212)
|
||||
- [expand exposed configuration settings](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/195)
|
||||
- [allow disabling application while retaining data](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/186)
|
||||
- [aid needed user actions on schema update](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/214)
|
||||
- [scaling application resources](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/119)
|
||||
- [pooling application instances to shared VMs](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/322)
|
||||
- [allow use of external single sign-on](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/161)
|
||||
- [on migration, allow reconfiguring monolithic vs distributed](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/341)
|
||||
- Facilitate engagement from external developers:
|
||||
- [create integration tests](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/277)
|
||||
- [add continuous integration builds to a public cache](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/92)
|
||||
- [reproduce required infrastructure](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/336)
|
||||
- [continuous deployment](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/177)
|
||||
- [separate staging/testing environments](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/69)
|
||||
- [facilitate user signup](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/335)
|
||||
- [facilitate code reviews](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/302)
|
||||
- [get documentation ready](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/288)
|
||||
- [upstream to NixOS](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/333)
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## Technologies used
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### [NixOS](https://nixos.org/)
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NixOS is a Linux distribution with a [vibrant](https://repology.org/repositories/graphs), [reproducible](https://reproducible.nixos.org/) and [security-conscious](https://tracker.security.nixos.org/) ecosystem.
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As such, we see NixOS as the only viable way to reliably create a reproducible outcome for all the work we create.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- containers: do not by themselves offer the needed reproducibility
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### [OpenTofu](https://opentofu.org/)
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OpenTofu is the leading open-source framework for infrastructure-as-code.
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This has led it to offer a vibrant ecosystem of 'provider' plugins integrating various programs and services.
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As such, it can facilitate automated deployment pipelines, including with — relevant to our project — hypervisors and DNS programs.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- Terraform: not open-source
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### [Proxmox](https://proxmox.com/)
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Proxmox is a hypervisor, allowing us to create VMs for our applications while adhering to our goal of preventing lock-in.
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In addition, it has been [packaged for Nix](https://github.com/SaumonNet/proxmox-nixos) as well, simplifying our requirements to users setting up our software.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- OpenNebula: seemed less mature
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### [Garage](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/)
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Garage is a distributed object storage service.
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For compatibility with existing clients, it reuses the protocol of Amazon S3.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- file storage: less centralized for backups
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### [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/)
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PostgreSQL is a relational database.
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It is used by most of our applications.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- Sqlite: default option for development in many applications, but less optimized for performance, and less centralized for backups
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### [Valkey](https://valkey.io/)
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Valkey is a key-value store.
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It is an open-source fork of Redis.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- Redis: not open-source
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### [OpenSearch](https://opensearch.org/)
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OpenSearch offers full-text search, and is used for this in many applications.
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It is an open-source fork of ElasticSearch.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- ElasticSearch: not open-source
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### [PowerDNS](https://github.com/PowerDNS/pdns)
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PowerDNS is a mature DNS server. It further offers an admin front-end.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- hickory-dns: no front-end
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- core-dns: no front-end
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### [Authelia](https://github.com/authelia/authelia)
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Authelia is a single sign-on provider that integrates with LDAP.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- KaniDM: does not do proper LDAP
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- Authentik: larger package with focus on many things we do not need
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- Keycloak: larger package with focus on many things we do not need
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### [lldap](https://github.com/lldap/lldap)
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Lldap is a light LDAP server, allowing to centralize user roles across applications.
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Considered alternatives include:
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- 389 DS: older larger package
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- FreeIPA: wrapper around 389 DS
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232
fediversity.md
232
fediversity.md
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|
@ -347,235 +347,9 @@ We will integrate that aspect into the high level process on a best effort basis
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# Implementation and planning
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## Actors
|
||||
|
||||
- Developers
|
||||
|
||||
The group working on this repository.
|
||||
We are creating the deployment workflows and service configurations.
|
||||
|
||||
- Hosting provider
|
||||
|
||||
They provide and maintain the physical infrastructure, and run the software in this repository, through which operators interact with their deployments.
|
||||
Hosting providers are technical administrators for these deployments, ensuring availability and appropriate performance.
|
||||
|
||||
We target small- to medium-scale hosting providers with 20+ physical machines.
|
||||
|
||||
- Operator
|
||||
|
||||
They select the applications they want to run.
|
||||
They don't need to own hardware or deal with operations.
|
||||
Operators administer their applications in a non-technical fashion, e.g. as moderators.
|
||||
They pay the hosting provider for registering a domain name, maintaining physical resources, and monitoring deployments.
|
||||
|
||||
- User
|
||||
|
||||
They are individuals using applications run by the operators, and e.g. post content.
|
||||
|
||||
## Glossary
|
||||
|
||||
- [Fediverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse)
|
||||
|
||||
A collection of social networking applications that can communicate with each other using a common protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
- Application
|
||||
|
||||
User-facing software (e.g. from Fediverse) run by the hosting provider for an operator.
|
||||
|
||||
- Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
A collection of settings for a machine running NixOS.
|
||||
|
||||
> Example: Configurations are deployed to VMs.
|
||||
|
||||
- Provision
|
||||
|
||||
Make a resource, such as a virtual machine, available for use.
|
||||
|
||||
- Deploy
|
||||
|
||||
Put software, such as applications, onto computers.
|
||||
The software includes technical configuration that links software components.
|
||||
In our context, this a Configuration deployed to a runtime environment.
|
||||
Most user-facing configuration remains untouched by the deployment process.
|
||||
|
||||
- Migrate
|
||||
|
||||
Move service configurations and deployment (including user data) from one hosting provider to another.
|
||||
|
||||
- Resource
|
||||
|
||||
A [resource for NixOps4](https://nixops.dev/manual/development/concept/resource.html) is any external entity that can be declared with NixOps4 expressions and manipulated with NixOps4, such as a virtual machine, an active NixOS configuration, a DNS entry, or customer database.
|
||||
|
||||
- Resource provider
|
||||
|
||||
A resource provider for NixOps4 is an executable that communicates between a resource and NixOps4 using a standardised protocol, allowing [CRUD operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Create,_read,_update_and_delete) on the resources to be performed by NixOps4.
|
||||
Refer to the [NixOps4 manual](https://nixops.dev/manual/development/resource-provider/index.html) for details.
|
||||
|
||||
> Example: We need a resource provider for obtaining deployment secrets from a database.
|
||||
|
||||
- Runtime backend
|
||||
|
||||
A type of digital environment one can run operating systems such as NixOS on, e.g. bare-metal, a hypervisor, or a container runtime.
|
||||
|
||||
- Runtime environment
|
||||
|
||||
The thing a deployment runs on, an interface against which the deployment is working. See runtime backend.
|
||||
|
||||
- Runtime config
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration logic specific to a runtime backend, e.g. how to deploy, how to access object storage.
|
||||
|
||||
## Architecture
|
||||
|
||||
At the core of Fediversity lies a NixOS configuration template containing selected applications.
|
||||
We use this to deploy to selected run-time environments, so far targeting hypervisor ProxmoX.
|
||||
We further provide a reference front-end to configure our template.
|
||||
To ensure reproducibility, we also offer Nix packaging for our software.
|
||||
|
||||
To reach our goals, we aim to implement the following interactions between [actors](#actors) (depicted with rounded corners) and system components (see the [glossary](#glossary), depicted with rectangles).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Entity relationships
|
||||
|
||||
Relationships among the entities used to model migrations are as follows, using the crow's foot notation to denote cardinality:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Data model
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Break-down of project milestones
|
||||
|
||||
Whereas details of the implementation may need to be decided as the technical challenges involved become clear, we can already give a higher-level planning of relevant milestones and some of their salient features:
|
||||
|
||||
- Initial internal user to kick-start feedback process:
|
||||
- automate provisioning of:
|
||||
- [databases](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/115)
|
||||
- [object storage](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/185)
|
||||
- [virtual machines](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/116) (and related resources)
|
||||
- [DNS](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/110)
|
||||
- [SMTP service](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/117)
|
||||
- [email accounts](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/118)
|
||||
- [ephemeral state](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/314)
|
||||
- [publish specification](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/334) using e.g. JSON Schema / OpenAPI
|
||||
- [facilitate multi-tenancy](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/241)
|
||||
- [provision admin accounts](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/178)
|
||||
- [ensure users can update their configurations](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/158)
|
||||
- Software ready for web hosts to take into production:
|
||||
- [garbage collection of unallocated resources](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/188)
|
||||
- [Nix-less bootstrap](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/332)
|
||||
- [ensure hosts may update users' deployments](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/159)
|
||||
- [allow control over version of module deployed](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/304)
|
||||
- [security audit](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/291)
|
||||
- [automate dependency updates](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/65)
|
||||
- Features to improve user experience and increase host adoption:
|
||||
- [enqueue deployment syncs](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/242)
|
||||
- [application data back-ups](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/123)
|
||||
- [migrating application data between hosting providers](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/100)
|
||||
- [provide single sign-on](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/212)
|
||||
- [expand exposed configuration settings](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/195)
|
||||
- [allow disabling application while retaining data](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/186)
|
||||
- [aid needed user actions on schema update](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/214)
|
||||
- [scaling application resources](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/119)
|
||||
- [pooling application instances to shared VMs](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/322)
|
||||
- [allow use of external single sign-on](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/161)
|
||||
- Facilitate engagement from external developers:
|
||||
- [create integration tests](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/277)
|
||||
- [add continuous integration builds to a public cache](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/92)
|
||||
- [reproduce required infrastructure](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/336)
|
||||
- [continuous deployment](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/177)
|
||||
- [separate staging/testing environments](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/69)
|
||||
- [facilitate user signup](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/335)
|
||||
- [facilitate code reviews](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/302)
|
||||
- [get documentation ready](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/288)
|
||||
- [upstream to NixOS](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/333)
|
||||
|
||||
## Technologies used
|
||||
|
||||
### [NixOS](https://nixos.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
NixOS is a Linux distribution with a [vibrant](https://repology.org/repositories/graphs), [reproducible](https://reproducible.nixos.org/) and [security-conscious](https://tracker.security.nixos.org/) ecosystem.
|
||||
As such, we see NixOS as the only viable way to reliably create a reproducible outcome for all the work we create.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- containers: do not by themselves offer the needed reproducibility
|
||||
|
||||
### [OpenTofu](https://opentofu.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
OpenTofu is the leading open-source framework for infrastructure-as-code.
|
||||
This has led it to offer a vibrant ecosystem of 'provider' plugins integrating various programs and services.
|
||||
As such, it can facilitate automated deployment pipelines, including with — relevant to our project — hypervisors and DNS programs.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- Terraform: not open-source
|
||||
|
||||
### [Proxmox](https://proxmox.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
Proxmox is a hypervisor, allowing us to create VMs for our applications while adhering to our goal of preventing lock-in.
|
||||
In addition, it has been [packaged for Nix](https://github.com/SaumonNet/proxmox-nixos) as well, simplifying our requirements to users setting up our software.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- OpenNebula: seemed less mature
|
||||
|
||||
### [Garage](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/)
|
||||
|
||||
Garage is a distributed object storage service.
|
||||
For compatibility with existing clients, it reuses the protocol of Amazon S3.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- file storage: less centralized for backups
|
||||
|
||||
### [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
PostgreSQL is a relational database.
|
||||
It is used by most of our applications.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- Sqlite: default option for development in many applications, but less optimized for performance, and less centralized for backups
|
||||
|
||||
### [Valkey](https://valkey.io/)
|
||||
|
||||
Valkey is a key-value store.
|
||||
It is an open-source fork of Redis.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- Redis: not open-source
|
||||
|
||||
### [OpenSearch](https://opensearch.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
OpenSearch offers full-text search, and is used for this in many applications.
|
||||
It is an open-source fork of ElasticSearch.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- ElasticSearch: not open-source
|
||||
|
||||
### [PowerDNS](https://github.com/PowerDNS/pdns)
|
||||
|
||||
PowerDNS is a mature DNS server. It further offers an admin front-end.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- hickory-dns: no front-end
|
||||
- core-dns: no front-end
|
||||
|
||||
### [Authelia](https://github.com/authelia/authelia)
|
||||
|
||||
Authelia is a single sign-on provider that integrates with LDAP.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- KaniDM: does not do proper LDAP
|
||||
- Authentik: larger package with focus on many things we do not need
|
||||
- Keycloak: larger package with focus on many things we do not need
|
||||
|
||||
### [lldap](https://github.com/lldap/lldap)
|
||||
|
||||
Lldap is a light LDAP server, allowing to centralize user roles across applications.
|
||||
|
||||
Considered alternatives include:
|
||||
- 389 DS: older larger package
|
||||
- FreeIPA: wrapper around 389 DS
|
||||
```include
|
||||
architecture.md
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Work plan and resources
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
|
|||
shell = pkgs.mkShellNoCC {
|
||||
packages = with pkgs; [
|
||||
pandoc
|
||||
pandoc-include
|
||||
texliveMedium
|
||||
librsvg
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue