Fediversity/matrix/synapse/workers.md

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# Worker-based setup

Very busy servers are brought down because a single thread can't keep up with
the load. So you want to create several threads for different types of work.

See this [Matrix blog](https://matrix.org/blog/2020/11/03/how-we-fixed-synapse-s-scalability/)
for some background information.

The traditional Synapse setup is one monolithic piece of software that does
everything. Joining a very busy room makes a bottleneck, as the server will
spend all its cycles on synchronizing that room.

You can split the server into workers, that are basically Synapse servers
themselves. Redirect specific tasks to them and you have several different
servers doing all kinds of tasks at the same time. A busy room will no longer
freeze the rest.

Workers communicate with each other via socket files and Redis.


# Redis

First step is to install Redis.

```
apt install redis-server
```

For less overhead we use a UNIX socket instead of a network connection to
localhost. Disable the TCP listener and enable the socket in
`/etc/redis/redis.conf`:

```
port 0

unixsocket /run/redis/redis-server.sock
unixsocketperm 770
```

Our matrix user (`matrix-synapse`) has to be able to read from and write to
that socket, which is created by Redis and owned by `redis:redis`, so we add
user `matrix-synapse` to the group `redis`.

```
adduser matrix-synapse redis
```

Restart Redis for these changes to take effect. Check if port 6379 is no
longer active, and if the socketfile `/run/redis/redis-server.sock` exists.


# Synapse

Workers communicate with each other over sockets, that are all placed in one
directory. To make sure only the users that need access will have it, we
create a new group and add the users to it.

Then, create the directory where all the socket files for workers will come,
and give it the correct user, group and permission:

```
groupadd --system clubmatrix
useradd matrix-synapse clubmatrix
useradd www-data clubmatrix
mkdir /run/matrix-synapse
dpkg-statoverride --add --update matrix-synapse clubmatrix 2770 /run/matrix-synapse
```

Add a replication listener:

```
listeners:

  ...

  - path: /run/matrix-synapse/replication.sock
    mode: 0660
    type: http
    resources:
      - names:
        - replication 
```

Check if the socket is created and has the correct permissions. Now point
Synapse at Redis in `conf.d/redis.yaml`:

```
redis:
  enabled: true
  path: /run/redis/redis-server.sock
```

Check if Synapse can connect to Redis via the socket, you should find log
entries like this:

```
synapse.replication.tcp.redis - 292 - INFO - sentinel - Connecting to redis server UNIXAddress('/run/redis/redis-server.sock')
synapse.util.httpresourcetree - 56 - INFO - sentinel - Attaching <synapse.replication.http.ReplicationRestResource object at 0x7f95f850d150> to path b'/_synapse/replication'
synapse.replication.tcp.redis - 126 - INFO - sentinel - Connected to redis
synapse.replication.tcp.redis - 138 - INFO - subscribe-replication-0 - Sending redis SUBSCRIBE for ['matrix.example.com/USER_IP', 'matrix.example.com']
synapse.replication.tcp.redis - 141 - INFO - subscribe-replication-0 - Successfully subscribed to redis stream, sending REPLICATE command
synapse.replication.tcp.redis - 146 - INFO - subscribe-replication-0 - REPLICATE successfully sent
```

Every worker has its own configuration file, we'll put those under
`/etc/matrix-synapse/workers`. Create it, and then one systemd service file for
all workers:

```
[Unit]
Description=Synapse %i
AssertPathExists=/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/%i.yaml

# This service should be restarted when the synapse target is restarted.
PartOf=matrix-synapse.target
ReloadPropagatedFrom=matrix-synapse.target

# if this is started at the same time as the main, let the main process start
# first, to initialise the database schema.
After=matrix-synapse.service

[Service]
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=main
User=matrix-synapse
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/matrix-synapse
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/matrix-synapse
ExecStart=/opt/venvs/matrix-synapse/bin/python -m synapse.app.generic_worker --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/ --config-path=/etc/matrix-synapse/workers/%i.yaml
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
SyslogIdentifier=matrix-synapse-%i

[Install]
WantedBy=matrix-synapse.target
```

And create the `matrix-synapse.target`, which combines all Synapse parts into
one systemd target:

```
[Unit]
Description=Matrix Synapse with all its workers
After=network.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```