- context
  - status quo
    - geopolitics
      - surveillance
    - capital accumulation
      - monopolistic gatekeepers
      - big tech
    - legislation
      - digital markets act
      - digital services act
    - fediverse
      - open-source
      - federated
      - various applications
      - limited momentum
        - self-hosting
          - expertise
            - containers
            - configuration
              - SSO
              - LDAP
          - sysadmin burden
            - operating systems
            - reproducibility
            - network security
            - software LCM
            - backups
    - state of the internet
      - network-effect-fueled oligopolies
      - commercial interests
      - enshittification
      - misinformation
      - surveillance
      - manipulation
        - gamification
      - polarization
      - IP harvested by scrapers to spam the internet with AI slop
      - gamification-fueled addiction
      - lack of democratic control
      - illegal content
      - covert foreign/commercial online influencing campaigns
        - cambridge analytica
      - polarizing filter bubbles from engagement-fueled algorithms
        - stratify society
        - may culminate in terrorism
          - qanon's role in Jan 6 capitol insurrection
      - energy usage of data centers and AI
    - open-source
      - devops
        - nixos
          - developer-centric
      - self-hosting
        - yunohost
      - fediverse
    - innovation cycle
      - research
      - commerce
      - dissemination
        - commons
        - distribution
  - ecosystem
    - stakeholders
      - EU
        - NGI
          - [report](https://nlnet.nl/fediversity/)
            - let users separate content and data from internet-based sofware and services
            - re-establish boundaries between content owner and service provider
            - allow mixing/matching alternative/complementary services
            - service portability + data decoupling
            - achieve openness to new entrants
              - unlock clustered service verticals with dominant market positions
          - presentation
            - commons
              - context
                - security
                - economy
                - geopolitics
              - why
                - sovereignty
                - trust
                - collaboration
                - european declaration on digital rights and principles
                  - privacy protection
                  - user control and choice
                  - portability
                  - inclusion
                  - decentralisation
            - NGI
              - internet commons
                - hardware
                - libraries
                - distribution
                - server apps
                - client apps
      - nlnet
      - OIDF
        - intro
          - fundamental right of individuals
            - privacy
            - self-determination
            - freedom of expression
          - internet is crucial infrastructure that should be maintainable long-term
            - nixos
          - transparency
            - open software
    - fediversity
      - presentation
        - objective
          - bring easy-to-use, budget-conscious, _federated_ hosted cloud services to organisations and individuals
        - goals
          - digital autonomy
          - innovation
          - service/data portability
          - federated decentralized services
          - sustainable economic ecosystem
          - open
        - benefits
          - providers
            - ease of operations
            - share investments
            - lower maintenance
            - ease of deployment
            - part of a larger ecosystem
          - users
            - easy of use
            - data portability
            - no vendor lock-in
            - service portability
            - digital sovereignty
            - independence from big tech
        - principles + assumptions
          - run on hardware
          - target providers to offer federated services
            - digital sovereignty
            - ease dev/maintenance
            - ease deployment/running of federated services
          - federated decentralised OSS using open standards
          - service portability
        - tech stack
          - django
          - nixos
          - nix packages
          - nixops4
          - proxmox
          - bare-metal hardware
          - custom code and databases
        - services
          - Mastodon
          - PixelFed
          - PeerTube
          - Matrix
          - Nexcloud
          - Stalwart
          - Owncast
          - Lemmy
          - EduMEET
      - [objectives](https://nlnet.nl/fediversity/background/)
        - primary
          - new technical building blocks
            - 3 partners
        - secondary
          - funding mechanism
            - nlnet
      - [NGI emphasis](https://www.ngi.eu/ngi-projects/ngi-fediversity/)
        - replaces traditional social networking
        - create a practical, user-friendly, and secure communication environment
    - NGOs
      - waag
        - [state of the internet](https://waag.org/en/event/state-internet-2025/)
          - retake internet from US big tech
          - regulate tech as we do other fields
        - marleen stikker
          - book: 'het internet is stuk - maar we kunnen het repareren'
            - history of the internet explaining big tech platforms as step back in sovereignty
            - technology is not neutral
            - emphasizes human values over techno-optimism pushed by silicon valley
            - role of data access
              - understanding
              - democracy
              - control
            - mentions historical role of tactical media
      - [EuroStack](https://www.euro-stack.info/#eurostack)
        - goals
          - Sovereignty and Security
          - Sustainability
          - Decentralized Sovereign Infrastructure
          - Strong Democracy
          - De-Proprietarization and Interoperability
          - Data as a Common Good
          - Inclusive Governance
        - 7 layers
          - data + AI
          - software
          - cloud
          - IoT
          - networks
          - chips
          - raw materials, energy and water
      - [open forum europe](https://openforumeurope.org/our-vision/)
        - principles
          - user centricity
          - competition
          - flexibility
          - sustainability
          - community
    - developers
      - want easy path to users
      - want easy updating
    - hosts
      - want managed applications
      - want off-the-shelf solutions
    - operators
      - want app store of sovereign services
      - want things to just work
    - users
      - want easy UX
      - want sovereign infrastructure
      - want tools reflecting their values
        - human-centric
        - inclusive
        - accessible
- why
  - policy-makers
    - achieve sovereignty to deliver on digital rights
      - sovereign managed applications
      - catalyze dissemination to have internet commons reach critical mass
      - starting out with social media over gatekeepers' effect amid geopolitical considerations
    - robust technology
      - fediversity
        - portable
      - fediverse
        - sovereign
      - nixos
        - [reproducible](https://reproducible.nixos.org/)
        - [vibrant](https://repology.org/repositories/graphs)
        - [security-conscious](https://tracker.security.nixos.org/)
  - hosts
    - off-the-shelf
    - easy for host and users
    - demand due to geopolitical relevance
  - users
    - sovereign
      - no lock-in
      - private
      - SSO/LDAP
    - ease
      - simple install
      - sensible defaults
      - update/backup policies
    - choice
      - open to hosts
      - portable data/hosting
      - different apps
    - control
      - open
      - federation
      - advanced settings
- how
  - design
    - front: app store style UI not unlike [yunohost](https://apps.yunohost.org/catalog)
  - stack
    - user-facing
      - fediverse
      - ...
    - under the hood
      - [nix](https://nixos.org/)
        - NixOS
        - service contracts: [SelfHostBlocks](https://nlnet.nl/project/SelfHostBlocks/)
        - [upstream](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity/issues/127#issuecomment-5669) nix packages to source repos to normalize reproducibility and accelerate LCM
      - [opentofu](https://opentofu.org/)
      - VM hypervisor: [proxmox](https://proxmox.com/)
      - storage: [garage](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/)
      - backups / data portability: [borgmatic](https://github.com/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic)
      - data interoperability: [json-schema](https://json-schema.org/)
        - validate
        - [visualize](https://github.com/json-schema-form-element/jsfe)
  - component architectures
    - traditional
      - web panel front/back
      - orchestration
      - VMs
        - hypervisor
        - application VMs
        - storage
      - supporting
        - identity management
          - authentication
          - authorization
          - accounting
        - central database
          - nextbox
          - accounting
          - state
          - secrets
        - central services
          - DNS
          - email
    - decoupled
      - clients
        - [monolith](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/Fediversity) (django)
        - host all-in-one
          - [front](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/protagio.nl-frontend)
          - back
            - [existing](https://git.fediversity.eu/Fediversity/myprotagio-api) (php)
            - new (django)?
      - orchestration module
        - nixos
          - selfhostblocks
        - opentofu